depression, stress, relationship , Pregnancy

Depression And Pregnancy: A Mother And Child's Life Compromised

Pregnancy can be a special moment for expectant mothers and couples. But, it can also be a time for depression among pregnant women. Depression among pregnant women has a lot of causes. This article tries to identify them and provide some factors to help them cope depression during this momentous but also a difficult time in a woman's life.


Pregnancy is a wondrous moment. It is the time when women are excited to be called “moms.” It is a great opportunity to learn about child's growth and development. But sometimes it can be the other way around. Pregnancy is not always such a happy experience for some. Pregnancy can also be a time for worry. It can also be a moment of confusion.

A woman's decision to begin a pregnancy carries with it the acceptance of the lifelong responsibility to be a parent. Ideally, effective parenting begins even before the moment of conception, when the woman confirms her desire to have a child and is physically and mentally prepared for the challenges of pregnancy, birth, and parenting.

However, most women go through a lot of changes during pregnancy that sometimes, it is causing them stress as well as numerous emotional and physical changes. As a result, many pregnant women develop depression during their pregnancies.

Depression is the most common psychiatric disorder, so it's a commonly encountered pre-existing condition during pregnancy. Depression has both physiological as well a sociological causes. It is actually caused by a number of different factors. But, it is most likely to be linked to a change in the levels of chemicals in the brain. These chemicals govern our moods, and when they become disrupted, it can lead to depression.

During pregnancy, the rapid change in a woman's body’s hormones can trigger a change in the levels of these chemicals, resulting in depression. Interestingly though, women have it twice as often as men, and among women, there is an increased tendency toward it during the reproductive years.

It has been proven that the rapid rise in hormone levels during pregnancy is actually a very common trigger for depression. At least 20% of pregnant women experience some depressive symptoms during their pregnancies, while 10% of pregnant women develop full-blown clinical depression. Depression during pregnancy is actually much more common then many people realize. At one time, health care professionals thought that pregnant women couldn’t suffer from depression because of their pregnancy hormones. It was believed that these hormones protected against mood disorders like depression.

Any pregnant woman can develop depression at some point throughout her pregnancy. There are several causes of it during pregnancy, some of which are the following:

·    having a personal or family history of depression
·    relationship or marital conflict
·    age at time of pregnancy
·    unplanned pregnancy
·    living alone
·    limited social support
·    previous miscarriage
·    pregnancy confusions and complications
·    history of emotional, physical or sexual abuse

Because depression can often drain a woman's desire and energy, pregnant women with the disorder may not seek appropriate prenatal care. Depression during pregnancy may also increase the likelihood that  a pregnant woman will abuse alcohol, cigarettes, or drugs during pregnancy. When it is most severe, clinically diagnosed depression can be a psychiatric emergency. Because a woman is in a very difficult period of adjustment and less likely to climb out of her despair, hopelessness, and suffering, she poses a danger to herself and her new baby.


Pregnancy is a particularly active field for depression to either start anew or worsen if already a problem.  The extra physical, financial, marital, and sexual stresses come whether one is ready or not. On top of that, any new feelings of poor self-image can reinforce depression's already negative self-image problems.

Preparing for a new baby is a lot of hard work, but a woman's health should come first. A pregnant woman should resist the urge to get everything done, she should limit her activities and do things that will help her relax. Talking about things that concern a pregnant woman is also very important during these difficult times. A pregnant woman should ask for support, which most often than not, she will get.  Remember that taking care oneself is an essential part of taking care of the unborn child.

counseling, depression, relationship,Teenage pregnancy

Teenage pregnancy: Think And Re-think Of Your Choices

An unplanned pregnancy is a traumatic event, this is especially true among teen-age girls. Teen pregnancy is one of the most difficult experience a young person might ever face. It can interrupt school or other plans in their young lives. But with options available nowadays, teenagers now have an opportunity and choose the best for them and their babies.

Adolescence can be a challenging time for young people and their families. A teenager goes through rapid physical and emotional changes. Teenagers go through awkward times and get caught in between wanting freedom and having the security of the family. Parents want their children to grow to happy and independent.  But at the same time, they cannot help but fear for the safety of their children as they watch them spread out their own wings. Given this situation, parents have accept the fact that the dreams they had for their children may not come true. For teenagers to have their own dreams, they must cope with the controlling behavior of parents while trying to explore the world on their own.

Aside from the initial forays into drinking and smoking, many teenagers also explore the “adult world” by getting into a romantic relationship. Having an intimate and romantic relationship among young people is very common even if it is prohibited by their parents. Naturally, teenagers rebel and some even engage in per-marital sex not thinking of the consequences of such actions. This is especially true among teen-age girls.  Unfortunately, these girls will also be the ones who will have to face the problem of early pregnancy, a dilemma that would have long-term consequences.

Teen pregnancy is one of the most difficult experiences a young person could ever face. It can interrupt school or other plans in their young lives. It can create an emotional crisis resulting in feelings of depression, shame, and fear.  The stress of how a teenager breaks the news to her parents might be even greater, and finding help may seem an impossible task.

Some pregnant teenagers are so shocked and frightened that they try to cope by ignoring or denying the pregnancy. A pregnant teener might even think no one can help her, she might be too embarrassed to search for help. However, denying the pregnancy or ignoring it can only make things worse for the teen ager and the baby. Denial will not take the pregnancy away, instead, the teenager will lose the time she could have invested in prenatal care and counseling.

Research shows that sex education and access to effective contraception are essential in preventing unplanned pregnancy in the teenage population. Some teenage pregnancies occur as a result of young women's sexual inexperience and an inadequate understanding of their reproductive cycle. Research suggests that knowledge about reproductive matters and access to contraception are necessary to prevent unintended adolescent pregnancy.

Teenagers, as a group, have significantly higher complication rates both during pregnancy and delivery. Reasons for the higher complication rate include physical immaturity, lack of health care knowledge, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, illegal drugs, poor diet, inadequate antenatal care. Teenage mothers have a higher risk of postnatal depression than older women.

Moreover, research have shown that the number of births to teenagers has decreased considerably over the last few decades. This decrease is most likely due to the increased availability of contraception and abortion, rather than a decrease in sexual activity. There has also been a dramatic fall in the number of teenagers choosing adoption. Changes in social attitudes towards single parents and illegitimacy and the availability of social support groups have made parenting a more viable option.

Pregnancy counseling is generally available in school, church or the community. Ideally, counseling should support the young woman in making a free and fully informed decision about her options, and give information on abortion, adoption and parenting. Many teenagers feel uncomfortable or unable to talk with family, so professional counseling offers a valuable and much-needed resource.

Teenagers now have a lot of options and making a choice can be a bit difficult. But carefully checking one's resources and giving oneself the opportunity to make the best informed decision should be available to each and every teenager.

pregnancy, health condition during pregnancy

A Shadow Over Your Pregnancy: How Preexisting Health Conditions can Affect You and Your Baby

Preconception planning is an important step for women with preexisting conditions to take when considering the possibility of becoming pregnant. This should be done with the advice of a doctor to ensure that the illness will not adversely affect the development of the unborn child or endanger the lives of both mother and child.

One of the most important things for a woman to ensure while she is pregnant is that she remains healthy throughout the the nine-month period. This is because anything that affects the mother will affect the baby in her womb. With that into consideration, women should be aware that any preexisting condition they might have and/or the medications that they are taking can have a profound effect on their pregnancy and their baby. In some cases, this may increase the risk of babies being born with birth weight problems (either overweight or underweight), developmental problems, preterm labor, premature rupture of membranes, pre-eclampsia, congenital heart block, or deformities. It may even be the cause of death for both mother and child.

Among the preexisting medical conditions that pose a significant health risk for women during pregnancy are anemia, asthma, arthritis, sexually transmitted diseases, heart conditions, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), thyroid disorders, kidney diseases, liver diseases, infections, diabetes, hypertension, eating disorders, epilepsy, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), substance abuse, depression, and other mental illnesses. While these conditions can pose complications during pregnancy, it is possible to manage them with medical assistance.

It is highly recommended that women visit their obstetricians monthly during a normal pregnancy, but for women with preexisting conditions this may occur with more frequency so that their healthcare providers can monitor the progress of the pregnancy, how the woman is managing her preexisting condition and how it is affecting the unborn child.

For women with preexisting conditions who are planning to become pregnant, it is important to consult with a doctor before conception happens. A doctor will be able to explain the risks the condition poses to the pregnancy and help a woman weigh the pros and cons of carrying a child. This is called preconception planning, and when followed by early and on-going prenatal care, it is very helpful in ensuring a safe and healthy pregnancy.

Preconception planning can map out a possible plan for every step during the pregnancy, including counseling for the couple who wishes to have the child, the possibility of changing the medications currently being used to manage the preexisting condition, and of any changes in diet for the mother-to-be.    In some cases, such as if a woman has an eating disorder or a predilection for substance abuse, the doctor may suggest going through therapy to eliminate these conditions before becoming pregnant. Both diet and medication have been proven to have an impact on the health of the child, since the baby is effectively sharing whatever the mother ingests.

Chronic conditions don't have to threaten a woman's life or the life of her unborn child. Apart from seeking medical advice about her preexisting conditions, it is also important to have the support of her family and friends around her. There are also groups composed of women in a similar situation that remind the the woman that she is not the only person going through this challenge. There are many women out there have triumphed over their illnesses to carry a child to term. Practicing preconception planning is just one of the steps in giving birth to healthy babies.

Stress, pregnancy

 Why Women Should Avoid Being Stressed During Pregnancy

Pregnancy is a time of great stress for a woman, and if she becomes overwhelmed by it, the stress may adversely affect her and the unborn child. She must learn to cope with the demands of daily life such as her job, relationships, and other children while carrying her baby. 

Stress has become an inevitable consequence of modern everyday life, and as we are subjected to increasing amounts of it, we experience more and more of the effects of the great rate of wear and tear we subject our bodies to. The term was originally coined by Hans Selye in 1936, and defined by him as "the non-specific response of the body to any demand for change." This means that we are all subjected to stress, but its effects on our bodies differ greatly from person to person, largely dependent on the gravity of and how we handle the stressful situation. It manifests itself in any number of physical or psychological symptoms that are often ignored until it seriously affects our health. In fact, stress is currently one of the leading causes of illness worldwide, such as depression, erectile dysfunction, hypertension and heart disease. This increasing number of stress-related illnesses has raised alarm bells throughout the worldwide medical community.

Stress can stem from both positive and negative experiences in our lives. Positive stressors, or eustress, are situations that are perceived to be happy or good, such as weddings,  childbirth or big family holidays. Negative stressors, or distress, are situations that are traumatizing or unhappy, such as the death of a loved one or an accident. 

Pregnancy can be considered both a positive and negative stressor, being a time of great joy and adjustment for the expectant mother as she and her partner welcome the new addition to their family. Apart from the actual physical stress the woman's body is subjected to during the nine months of pregnancy, the pressures of daily life are also there to put additional stress on her. Some women have to juggle the demands of their job, chores, and families along with being pregnant. In some cases, pregnant women face unhealthy situations as the break-up of their marriage, physical or emotional abuse, open infidelity or simply disinterested and uninvolved partners who prefer staying out to staying home and supporting their pregnant partners, and they experience constant stress throughout the nine month period or beyond. Extreme situations can also leave the unborn baby vulnerable to the stress the mother feels, such as malnutrition or exposure to toxins because of an unhealthy or unsanitary living conditions.

 

Stress can have adverse effects on the unborn child, and can sometimes be the cause of birth defects, miscarriages, pre-term delivery, or result in the death of both mother and child. Cortisol, the body's stress hormone, can be too much for the bodies of both the mother and child to handle, may possibly cause high blood pressure problems. In the mother, this may increase her risk for preeclampsia, or any number of other conditions that may complicate her pregnancy. In the unborn child, the effects can range from a lifetime of high blood pressure or other physical, mental or developmental defects. 

Whatever is going on in a woman's life during her pregnancy, the most important thing she should remember is that she must take care of her body and safeguard the life of her child. Whether the situation is positive or negative, how she deals with the stress is entirely in her hands.

pregnancy, false pregnancy

The Ghost in Her Womb: The Phenomenon of False Pregnancy

The phenomenon of false pregnancy, also known as pseudocyesis, is currently at the center of a murder trial. Lisa Montgomery stands accused of murdering an expectant mother in order to get the baby in her womb. Her defense attorneys insist that the former is not guilty by reason of insanity, and say that she is suffering from    pseudocyesis.

Today in Kansas City, Missouri a woman is currently on trial for kidnapping resulting in death. At the center of this trial is a medical condition that the defense insists that Lisa Montgomery suffers from called pseudocyesis. They claim that she is mentally unbalanced, suffering from a variety of psychological problems stemming from her childhood, which was marked by sexual abuse and frequent moves. Pseudocyesis, also known as false pregnancy or pseudopregnancy, is a condition wherein a woman believes she is pregnant even though there is no actual fetus in her womb. Experts are unsure as to why women experiencing false pregnancy sometimes exhibit true physical signs of pregnancy. Women who have false pregnancies will claim to have, or actually exhibit true pregnancy symptoms such as amenorrhea (stoppage of menstruation), morning sickness, cravings, widening of the abdomen, enlargement of the breasts and quickening (sensation of a child moving in the womb).  

False pregnancy is a rare condition that is nonetheless a serious emotional and psychological condition in women. No single cause for the condition has been universally accepted by mental health professionals, although there are three popular theories. The first theory attributes the false pregnancy to emotional conflict, wherein an intense desire to become pregnant, or an intense fear of becoming pregnant, can create internal conflicts and changes in the endocrine system, which may explain some of the symptoms of false pregnancy. The second theory concerns wish-fulfillment, and it holds that if a women desires pregnancy badly enough she may interpret minor changes in her body as signs of pregnancy. The third leading theory is the depression theory, which maintains that chemical changes in the nervous system associated with some depressive disorders could trigger the symptoms of false pregnancy. Research has also linked false pregnancy to the pituitary gland (the center of hormone production during pregnancy) and an unusually high level of hormones. There is a possibility that the emotional and psychological shifts that lead a woman to falsely believe she is expecting is due to hormone imbalance sparked by stress and anxiety. 

According to police, Lisa Montgomery came to the victim's house under the pretext of purchasing one of the rat terrier puppies that Bobbie Jo Stinnett put up for sale online. The accused allegedly then killed expectant mother Bobbie Jo Stinnett by strangulation and carved the eight month baby from the latter's womb using a kitchen knife. She then proceeded to take the baby, asking her husband to pick them up at a local diner and drive them home and telling him that she had given birth at a nearby birthing center. The next day she tried to pass the baby off as her own, with the couple going out on the town, displaying the child to friends and acquaintances. Later that day, Lisa Montgomery was arrested following a massive manhunt for the suspect after the mutilated body of Bobbie Jo Stinnett was found in the kitchen of her home by her mother. Police tracked down Lisa Montgomery and the baby the next day through e-mails Montgomery had sent Stinnett about buying a dog. A search of her car yielded several pieces of evidence including a bloody rope used to strangle Stinnett and a knife used in removing the baby from her womb. The rope and knife are among more than 100 pieces of physical evidence prosecutors will present at Montgomery's trial along with the testimonies of over 100 possible witnesses. Authorities believe that Lisa Montgomery wanted a baby so badly that she was willing to kill to get one. 

Experts for the defense say that her tendency to escape into fantasy stemmed from her chaotic childhood, and that she will do anything to protect this fantasy world from collapsing. So despite the fact that she had consented to undergo a tubal ligation in 1990, she may choose not to acknowledge the fact that she can no longer carry a child, especially since she was pressured into the surgery by her mother and then-husband Carl Bowman. She insisted that she was pregnant at least five times since the surgery, refusing to listen to family members who constantly reminded her that it was not possible. This is apparently common in those suffering from pseudocyesis or false pregnancy, and doctors are now disputing their claims using technology such as ultrasound machines or other imaging techniques. Counseling may also be helpful for women who have this condition, because false pregnancy is often indicative of other psychological problems. 

In the end, whether or not Lisa Montgomery is suffering from false pregnancy, the saddest part about this case is that a little girl is forced to grow up without her mother.

pregnancy, trauma, treatment, counseling

 Overcoming the Pain of a Failed Pregnancy

The trauma of losing an unborn child is a difficult period for the couple,especially to the would-be first-time mother.After miscarriage and other forms of pregnancy loss, most couples usually have a lot of questions that need to be answered.

Imagine a newlywed couple eager to have their first baby.  After months of anticipation and careful attention to the pregnancy, the unexpected happens --- they suffer a miscarriage. The trauma of losing an unborn child is a difficult period for any couple, but more so for the would-be first-time mother. After miscarriage and other forms of pregnancy loss, most couples usually have a lot of questions that need to be answered. A lot of people take it upon themselves to answer why the miscarriage happened and exactly how they could have prevented pregnancy.

But usually, miscarriage is rarely anyone's fault, and sometimes pregnancy loss is even a predetermined outcome at the time of conception.  There may not be any explanation at hand why miscarriages happen, though, the medical community recognizes a few known miscarriage causes. A number of theories abound regarding the cause of miscarriage.

One-time pregnancy loss, also called sporadic, are usually caused by chromosomal abnormalities while the fetus develops.  A lot of times, doctors assume this as the default explanation for first time miscarriages due to the fact that most couples go on to have a normal pregnancy after one miscarriage.

Chromosomal abnormalities such as extra chromosomes or missing genes may cause the baby to stop developing and eventually to be miscarried. After the first miscarriage, most medical professionals do not conduct testing for the cause of miscarriage since chromosomal flaws are usually random, one-time events.  Miscarriage due to chromosomal flaws may occur to any woman at any age, but those who are 35 years old and above are at highest risk.

When a miscarriage happens two times in a row, the cause is unlikely to be random chromosomal errors in a row.  Usually, doctors will conduct a process of testing for recurrent miscarriage causes after the second pregnancy loss.  In this case, chances are higher that the woman may have a detectable problem that causes the miscarriage.

About 50% of the cases, doctors find a cause for recurrent miscarriages and then the woman is given treatment in her next pregnancy.  However, half of the cases may not reveal a cause.  At any rate, a woman may still get pregnant again even with two unexplained miscarriages, and still with greater chances of a normal pregnancy than another miscarriage. 

Causes of recurrent miscarriages are usually much more controversial compared to that of single miscarriages. The following is a list of some of the most commonly recognized causes of recurrent miscarriages:

Abnormality in the structure of the uterus 

Blood clotting disorders, such as antiphospholipid syndrome
Certain chromosomal conditions, such as balanced translocation
Doctors believe that low progesterone and other hormonal imbalances may cause recurrent miscarriages. Although treatment with progesterone supplements is fairly common after one or two pregnancy losses, however, not all medical practitioners agree on the practice. Others believe that malfunction in the immune system, such as high levels of natural killer cells, may be the culprit.
Pregnancy losses after the 20th week are called stillbirths. Too-early births, on the other hand, are called preterm labors.  Both preterm labors and stillbirths usually have different causes from earlier miscarriages, although chromosomal errors in the baby can also cause stillbirths. The most common causes of stillbirths and preterm labors are cervical insufficiency, problems in the placenta, and preterm labor due to medical issues in the mother.

No matter what may be the cause of pregnancy loss, the woman is advised to seek out emotional support from friends and relatives.  Counseling helps a lot in dealing with the emotional aftermath of miscarriage.

side effects, pregnancy, mental health

 Alcohol and Pregnancy: Not As Bad As Assumed?

Medical science has always been keen to warn pregnant women to avoid drinking, because it may cause growth defects on the fetus. However, a recent British study has challenged that claim by reevaluating the previously conducted studies and making investigations of their own. For the time being, the results areinconclusive one way or another, but more research is to follow.

Wine, drinking, and alcohol have always been associated with a variety of negative effects, particularly on pregnant women and the fetuses they carry. The consumption of alcohol during pregnancy has been linked to a number of unwanted side effects, including stunted cell growth and impaired nervous system development. The damage done by drinking during pregnancy can also sometimes lead to neurological disorders later on in life, though only under certain circumstances. However, recent medical studies have discovered that a little drinking during pregnancy may not pose such a high risk as it has been thought to be, provided the amounts are carefully monitored and are not in excess.

 Now, numerous studies have pointed out that drinking while pregnant is a negative factor. These same studies have shown that women who had drinking binges while expecting have children who develop a variety of problems later in life, both in physical wellness and mental health. However, it is worth noting that the studies have not exactly determined what in alcohol causes these problems, or if alcohol indulgence causes these issues at all. In recent studies, evidence has come to light that alcohol may not be as large a factor for causing ill effects during pregnancy as initially believed. There is some debate on whether or not it is as damaging as initially believed, but most do not doubt that it would have a few side effects.


Recently, the University of Oxford conducted studies into the issue under the leadership of Dr. Ron Gray. The researchers began by reviewing the results and conditions of 14 previous studies to try and eliminate any factors other than the biological and chemical that might have contributed to the results. According to the team's preliminary findings, previous studies limited their definitions of what it means to “binge drink” and did not seem to take certain factors into account. Factors such as frequency were paid attention to by some, while others ignored it in favor of amount of alcohol ingested.

 Currently, no studies have revealed a link between occasional drinking binges and effects such as stillbirths, miscarriages, and fetal alcohol syndrome. Other problems include poor IQ scores and social development skills, suffering academic performance, and learning disabilities. The word “occasional” is considered to be the critical term in the study's definition. There is no doubt that regular binging on alcohol is going to guarantee some sort of damage to the fetus, but there is no evidence what imbibing smaller amounts with less frequency can do. Some parties have taken issue with the study's definition of binge drinking, which only includes women who drink throughout the pregnancy period. This puts their assumption that “occasional drinking doesn't cause much damage” into a questionable light.

For the time being, most doctors are still likely to advise women to stay away from drinking. While there may be no damage done in a drink or two, there is still no direct information on just how much alcohol it would take to cause damage. The amount of time in between drinks is also unknown, which adds another complication. It may be that occasional drinking can do no damage, while regular intake (even of smaller amounts) can cause long-term defects. Or it is possible that quantity of alcohol imbibed, regardless of what intervals are in between binges. At the moment, researchers are taking the stand that further study is needed to fully understand all possible angles of this situation.

back pain, back pain during pregnancy

Pregnancy and Back Pain

It is an unfortunate but inevitable fact that a majority of pregnant women will experience back pain at some point in their pregnancy.

The Aches and Pains of Pregnancy 

It is an unfortunate but inevitable fact that a majority of pregnant women will experience back pain at some point in their pregnancy. There are many remedies that can relieve the aches and discomfort of pregnancy, while preventing it from becoming a long-lasting predicament.

Women with per-existing back pain prior to pregnancy have an easier time adjusting to the discomfort as the pregnancy develops. Proper medical advice and treatment can prevent back pain from becoming a complication when labor occurs.

Causes of Pregnancy Back Pain 

Two categories of back pain during pregnancy are caused by:

1.) Strained ligaments, muscles, discs and joints caused by poor posture, incorrect lifting methods, weak or taut muscles, or injury, this type of back pain can occur with people even before pregnancy. Symptoms worsen at the end of the day or after standing for long periods of time, due to muscle fatigue and stretched ligaments from the combined weight of both the body and the baby.

A minority of pregnant women may experience symptoms of sciatica during the course of their pregnancy. This stems from inflammation or back pressure which causes pain in the sciatic nerve. Other symptoms include tingling, weakness, backaches, and pain traveling down one leg. There is a common misconception that it is the baby’s weight that puts pressure on a nerve, however sciatica is a disorder which may occur whether the pregnancy exists or not.

2.) Pelvic Girdle Pain (PGP)  this back pain is pregnancy-related and may need to be treated differently from standard back pain. A majority of pregnant women who experience back pain during pregnancy suffer from this ailment.

Pain symptoms located around the area of the pubic bone may signal the onset of Symphysis Pubis Dysfunction (SPD). It is advised to consult a qualified physiotherapist well-versed in the area of women’s health to make a correct diagnosis for these conditions.

Preventing Back Pain

By making sure the body is fit and healthy before getting pregnant can help prevent back pain. Even if pregnancy has already occurred, keeping fit is still possible through exercise specially tailored for pregnant women (refer to antenatal fitness portion). These exercises can lower the risks of developing pregnancy-related back pain. Women unaccustomed to exercise are advised to take it slow.

Keeping a moderate exercise regimen, having the correct posture, refraining from lifting heavy objects, and taking good care of the back can ensure the prevention of pregnancy-related back pain. If lifting is unavoidable, knees should be bent, the back kept straight, and the object held close to the body as possible.

Ways to Alleviate Back Pain

1.) Taking care of the back

2.) Massage  particularly when performed on the lower back, massage can result in considerable relief for tired and aching muscles. One relaxing method is to lean over the back of a chair or lie on one side while the muscles on both sides of the lower spine are massaged. Massage performed by a massage therapist, a midwife, or a physiotherapist may further relieve back pain.

3.) Heat and water taking a warm and soothing bath, using a hot pack, or even a warm water shower can alleviate symptoms of back pain.

4.) Wearing a support belt a maternity or support belt can help hold up the baby’s weight, easing the strain on the stomach and back muscles.

5.) Using a support pillow  sleeping on one side with a wedged-shaped pillow beneath the tummy can lessen back pain.

6.) Strength and stability exercises exercises involving the pelvis and lower abdominal can strengthen back and stomach muscles to help support the baby’s weight. One example of a simple and safe abdominal exercise involves getting down on the floor on the hands and knees, making sure the back is in a level position. While breathing in and out, the belly button is pulled in towards the spine and the back held immobile for 5 to 10 seconds. The stomach muscles are then allowed to relax after each contraction.

7.) Having a good posture  this helps particularly if pain symptoms are centered on the tailbone, or coccyx. Slouching should be avoided, and the back should be arched whenever possible. It is advisable use a cushion or a cushioned ring to make sitting more comfortable.

8.) Aqua-natal classes according to research, these water exercises can significantly decrease pregnancy-related back pain.

pregnancy, nausea, fatigue, nausea and vomiting

Know the Early Signs of Pregnancy

The article features the seven early signs of pregnancy. This will help women
quickly determine if they are pregnant or not. The seven symptoms provided by the author are the most obvious signs of pregnancy. If a woman experiences almost all of the symptoms given below, it is best to quickly consult a doctor to confirm pregnancy.


I’m pregnant? How can that be? I was not expecting this to happen! 

These are some of the common reactions of women who became aware of their pregnancy at the very last moment. Since many women today basically missed the early signs of pregnancy, they only became aware that they are indeed pregnant after they try using a home pregnancy kit or after their gynecologists confirm it. 

To avoid the hassle and drama of unwanted pregnancy, it is best for all sexually active women to become responsible enough to engage in safe sex and of course, to become aware of the early signs of pregnancy.

The following are the seven signs of pregnancy:

1. Light to moderate spotting

Moderate spotting generally occurs before a woman’s menstrual period begins. Spotting can also be a sign of pregnancy as implantation starts. Since this type of bleeding is brownish and the flow is usually light to moderate just like the pre-menstrual spotting, some women often disregard it as an early sign of pregnancy.  

2. Increased body temperature

Just like the spotting, sudden increased in body temperature is also one of the most frequently missed signs of pregnancy among women, for this also normally happens during menstrual period. If a woman’s basal body temperature is higher than normal, then it can be a symptom for pregnancy. 

3. Nausea

 Nausea or morning sickness is one of the most common signs of pregnancy. This basically happens during the first to two weeks of pregnancy. Although the feeling of nausea and vomiting oftentimes occur anytime within the day, these can trigger when one least expects it. 

4. Missed period

A missed period is probably the most obvious indication that a woman is pregnant. When this happens, women tend to immediately look for other signs of pregnancy or better yet, confirm their condition by means of reliable pregnancy home kit.

5. Frequent urination

A pregnant woman may not notice her frequent trips to the comfort room, but others can easily notice this, thus, an indication of pregnancy. This symptom happens because the uterus begins to swell and pressure on the bladder eventually occurs. 

 6. Tender breasts and nipples

Tender and swollen breasts and nipples are signs of menstrual bleeding, but these can also be indications that a woman might be pregnant. A woman may notice such soreness during sleeping, exercising, and even while getting dressed. Apart from soreness and tenderness of the breast as possible signs of pregnancy, a woman may also notice that her nipples darken in color.

7. Exhaustion or fatigue

A sudden feeling of fatigue or exhaustion is also one of the early signs of pregnancy. A woman can tell if she’s pregnant when she easily becomes exhausted and tired even after doing little or no activity at all. 

These are just seven of the many early signs of pregnancy. Since the symptoms explained above are perhaps the most obvious indications that a woman is pregnant, one should confirm pregnancy by immediately consulting a gynecologist. Keep in mind that not all signs of pregnancy apply to every woman, hence, a trip to the gyne can definitely save one from the paranoia of possible pregnancy.

pain relief during pregnancy, pain during pregnancy,pregnancy pain, back pain during pregnancy

Pregnancy And Back Pain Problem

This article is about getting through the back pain caused by pregnancy.  Pregnancy may cause joy and elation at the beginning, however the symptoms that accompany it may affect an expectant mother immensely.  Pregnant women experience different symptoms during the three trimesters of pregnancy.  The most persistent being back pain.  Listed in the article are a few tips on back pain relief during pregnancy.

Pregnancy is a gift almost every family is waiting for.  For the expectant parents, it is the time when they feel that they are truly accomplished.  For new mothers, excitement and ecstacy overwhelm them as this event will fulfill their power as a bringer of life.  However, with this gift comes a multitude of symptoms that aren't exactly a walk through the park.

Pregnancy is usually signaled by a missed menstrual period.  During this time, the woman's body I already changing - hormone levels spike up and down, causing a multitude of conditions that may burden the expectant mother during the duration of her pregnancy.

During the first trimester, the new mother experiences more signs that she is already pregnant.  These symptoms include:

l    Extreme fatigue.  This is due to the increase in progesterone production in the woman's body.
l    Food cravings.  This is body's means of dictating the mother what the baby needs.
l    Increased urination.  As the woman's womb is continually increasing to accommodate the growing child, it exerts more pressure on the urine bladder.
l    Breast tenderness.  The breasts start to change in preparation for feeding the coming baby.
l    Abdominal cramps.  This follows implantation of the embryo on the uterus.
l    Nausea or “Morning sickness”.  This is because an increase in the hormone progesterone relaxes the uterine muscles, which prevents early labor.  But it may also relax the stomach and intestines, leading to excess stomach acids.
l    Mood swings.  Most people confuse this with postpartum depression.  This differs from the latter in the sense that this passes in a matter of days or weeks.

During the second trimester, which comes three and a half months after conceiving the baby, the baby extensively develops.  This is also the stage where pregnancy becomes physically obvious.  Below are a list of symptoms manifested by women on their second trimester:
l    Swelling.  This is because during pregnancy, body fluids are increased.
l    Varicose veins.  During pregnancy, increased pressure is experienced by veins, causing blood to pool.
l    Fetal kick.  Sometime during the second trimester, the mother can feel the baby start kicking.
l    Confusion and clumsiness.  Due to the woman's ever changing hormonal level, it makes concertrating a bit more difficult.
l    Backache.  The added weight of the baby plus the increased body fluid increases pressure on the spine.

At the third trimester, the stomach now protrudes more prominently, causing the following symptoms:
l    Increased back pain.
l    Increased moodiness.

Among all the symptoms mentioned above, coping with lower back ache seem to be the most persistent.  It starts from the second trimester and ends after giving birth.  How does a pregnant woman get through this hurdle?  Here are some tips for pain relief during pregnancy:

l    Always practice good posture.  This is to ensure that muscle strain due to the increasing weight and the shifted center of gravity while standing up is lessened.
l    Always sit and stand with care.  Sit with feet slightly elevated.  Choose a ergonomically correct chair that provides support to your back.  Shift positions often, and avoid standing for a long time. 
l    Always sleep on your side.  Sleep on one side, not your back, keeping one of both knees bent.
l    Always perform proper lifting techniques.  Squat down when lifting a small object, instead of bending over.  Avoid sudden reaching movements.
l    Exercise.  Regular exercise may help strengthen the back muscles.
l    Medications.  Certain pain relief medications may cause complications to a pregnant woman and her unborn child.  For these cases where medication is clearly required, doctors look for safe drug alternatives that have the same effect of pain relief during pregnancy.

Back pain during pregnancy may just be a passing discomfort, however it should never be taken from granted.  Back pain may already be a  signal that your pregnancy is experiencing some sort of complication.  Be in tuned with your body and what it is feelings.  Immediately consult your doctor for any discomfort your experience, however normal everybody says it is.

Teenage Pregnancy, Realistic sex education, Family Planning Services, Parents and Sex Education, Sex Education

Teenage Pregnancy

There is currently a large number of young women in the 13 to 19 age range, so that while the birthrates are declining, the absolute number of teenagers is increasing.
These statistics do not distinguish between intentional and unintentional pregnancies,

 Teenage parenthood is by no means a new social phenomenon. Historically, women have tended to begin childbearing during their teens and early twenties. During the past two decades the U. S. teenage birthrate has actually declined (Polit and others, 1982). In the late 1950s, 90 out of 1000 women under 20 gave birth as compared with 52 out of 1000 in 1978. Several factors contribute to the current attention focused on teenage pregnancy and parenthood.
There is currently a large number of young women in the 13 to 19 age range, so that while the birthrates are declining, the absolute number of teenagers is increasing.
These statistics do not distinguish between intentional and unintentional pregnancies, or pregnancies occurring in or out of wedlock. From the 1978 figures, only one in six pregnancies concluded as births following marriage, and eight in ten premarital teenage pregnancies were unintended. The declining birthrate is not consistent for all teenagers: among those 14 or younger, the birthrate is increasing. These trends are occurring at a time when contraceptives are increasingly available to teenagers as a means of avoiding unwanted pregnancy. The evidence documenting the unfavorable consequences of unintended teenage pregnancy and teenage parenthood, whether intended or not, has continued to mount. There is an unmistakable and dramatic trend away from teenagers giving their children up for adoption.
Teenage Pregnancy Rate

Of the 29 million young people between the ages of 13 and 19, approximately 12 million have had sexual intercourse. Of this group, in 1981, more than 1.1 million became pregnant; three- quarters of these pregnancies were unintended, and 434,000 ended in abortion (What Government Can Do, 1984). The number of pregnancies increased among teenagers in all age groups during the 1970s, but among those who were sexually active the pregnancy rate has been declining. Because of increased and more consistent use of contraceptives by teenagers, the rate of pregnancy among them has been increasing more slowly than their rate of sexual activity. Although the number of teenagers who are sexually active increased by two-thirds over the 1970s, over half of U.S. teenagers are sexually inactive (Teenage Pregnancy, 1981).

Teenage Birthrate

About five percent of U. S. teenagers give birth each year. A recent study by the Alan Guttmacher Institute showed teen birthrates here to be twice as high as Canada, England, and Wales, three times as high as Sweden, and seven times higher than the Netherlands.

Out of Wedlock Births

Although slowed because of the availability of legal abortion, the rise in the out-of-wedlock birthrate has continued among almost all groups of teenagers. The rise has been steepest among 15- to 17-year-old whites. The number of premaritally conceived births legitimated by marriage has been Adoption and Care by Others. Almost all unwed teenage mothers keep their children in the household with them. Ninety-six percent of unmarried teenage mothers—90 percent of white and virtually all of black mothers—keep their children with them (although in many cases, grandparents or other relatives help take care of the baby).

Repeated Unintentional Pregnancies

As might be expected, 78 percent of births to teenagers are first births. However, 19 percent are second births, and four percent are third or higher order births. The sooner a teenager gives birth after initiation of intercourse, the more likely she is to have subsequent births while still in her teens.

Teenage Contraception

Nearly two-thirds of unwed teenage women report that they never practice contraception or that they use a method inconsistently. According to the Guttmacher Institute (Teenage Pregnancy, 1981), only nine percent of unmarried teenagers surveyed said that they did not use a method of contraception because they were trying to become pregnant or were already intentionally pregnant. Forty-one percent thought they could not become pregnant, mainly because they believed, usually mistakenly, that it was the wrong time of the month.

Of those who had realized they could get pregnant, the major reason given for not using a method was that they had not expected to have intercourse. Of the 15 percent who did not practice contraception because they were pregnant, the overwhelming majority were pregnant unintentionally. About eight percent said that they had wanted to use a method but "couldn't under the circumstances," or that they did not know about contraception or where to get it.  

Relationship to Pregnancy
The relationship between pregnancy and contraceptive use is dramatic: about 62 percent of sexually active teenagers who have never used a method have experienced a premarital pregnancy, compared to 30 percent of those who have used a method inconsistently, 14 percent of those who have always used some method (including withdrawal), and just seven percent of those who have always used a medically prescribed method (the pill, IUD, or diaphragm).

The Health Belief Model

Current research has examined the Health Belief Model (Zellman, 1984), a value-expectancy approach to explaining and predicting health behaviors that goes beyond straight information giving. This approach can be used to intervene in contraceptive use among teenagers. Because contraceptive action involves a preventive health decision followed by correct and consistent use, the model may have useful applications to both the prevention and compliance aspects of contraceptive behavior.  

Sex Education

The subject of sex education remains a divisive one. On one side are those who argue that Americans should learn to accept adolescent sexuality and make guidance and birth control more easily available, as it is in parts of Europe. On the other side are those who contend that sex education is up to the parents, not the state, and that teaching children about birth control is tantamount to condoning promiscuity, or violating family religious beliefs and values.

Sex Education in The Schools

"Eight out of 10 Americans believe that sex education should be taught in schools, and seven out of 10 believe that such courses should include information about contraception" (Teenage Pregnancy, 1981, p. 38). Only a handful of states require or even encourage sex education, and fewer still encourage teaching about birth control or abortion. Most states leave the question of sex education up to the local school boards. Only
a minority, however, provide such instruction.

Parents and Sex Education
Parents are a child's earliest models of sexuality; they communicate with their children about sex and sexual values nonverbally. However, most adolescents report that they have never been given any advice about sex by either parent, even though a majority of teenagers prefer their parents and counselors as sources of sex information.

Studies indicate that both parents and their children believe that they should be talking about sexuality, but that parents are extremely uncomfortable doing so (Sexuality Education, 1984). Organizations, including churches, schools, Planned Parenthood affiliates, and other agencies serving young people, offer programs designed to help parents teach their children about sexuality. Most would agree that sex education should start early, before a child's sexuality becomes an issue.  

Family Planning Services

Most teenagers and adults approve of making contraceptives available to teenagers, and most parents favor family planning clinics providing birth control services to their children (Teenage Pregnancy, 1981). The clinics have had the expected result of improving the quality and consistency of contraceptive use among teenagers. They have also been credited with preventing an estimated 689,000 unintended births, and probably a higher number of abortions, among teenagers.

However, most teenagers are sexually active for many months before ever seeking birth control help from a family planning clinic or physician (Teenage Pregnancy, 1981). Very few come to a clinic in anticipation of initiating sexual intercourse, and many come because they fear—often correctly—that they are pregnant. The major reason teenagers give for the delay is concern that their parents will find out about the visit. Nevertheless, more than half of teenage patients have told their parents about their clinic visit, and only about one-quarter would not come if the clinic required parental notification. But most of these would continue to be sexually active, using less effective methods or no contraceptives and many thousands would get pregnant as a result.  

Solving the Problem

Although we have most of the knowledge and resources needed to solve the problem of teenage pregnancy, we have failed to do so. Despite the growing public concern and the plethora of reports, there has been little action. The elements of a comprehensive national program have been put forward, with varying emphases, by a number of groups. Elements of such programs include (Teenage Pregnancy, 1981):
Realistic sex education
An expanded network of preventive family planning services. Pregnancy counseling services. Adequate prenatal, obstetric, and pediatric care for teenage mothers and their children. Educational employment and social services for adolescent parents. Coverage by national health insurance of all health services related to teenage pregnancy and childbearing.
No one program can possibly solve the many problems that are associated with teenage pregnancy. The solution must come from many elements of society: parents, the churches, the schools, state and local legislatures and government agencies. Most people agree about the importance of reproductive health services and research for teenagers, but there is not yet the willingness to pay the costs for such programs in most communities of the nation.learn more.. http://www.myhealthidea.com

skin care, skin care during Pregnancy

 Tips on Skin Care During Pregnancy

Pregnancy causes hormonal changes in  a woman's body which can wreck havoc on her skin by triggering breakouts, dryness, and skin irritations. This article provides information on how pregnancy can affect the skin. It also discusses several key skin care tips that can help women achieve great skin during the term of their pregnancy.

Most women expect to have beautiful and glowing skin when they become pregnant. Unfortunately, this is not always the case. Since the glow often attributed to pregnancy is due to the hormonal changes a woman's body undergoes, different reactions are to be expected. Some women may break out during the whole term of their pregnancies while others may have acne only during the first trimester.  Some women also experience skin dryness and only a select few start and end their pregnancies all aglow. If you are pregnant and want to maintain great skin throughout your term, it is essential that you have a great skin care routine. The following tips can help you achieve that proverbial pregnant glow:

1. Update your skin care products.

Your skin has different needs compared to your skin before  the pregnancy. Since hormonal changes can cause your skin to become oilier or drier, you may need to adjust and change the products you use. Some skin care products may also contain ingredients that are not suitable for pregnant women.  Consult your doctor and dermatologist for skin care products that are safe for pregnant women. 

2. Switch to moisturizing body washes.

Aside from your facial skin, the skin on your body also needs extra care during the pregnancy. The stress and trauma caused by stretching due to your increasing bulk can make your skin dry and itch.  Using soaps can strip your skin off its natural oils and reduce its suppleness. Switch to moisturizing body washes to restore moisture on your skin  and prevent itching and dryness. 

3. Load up on sun protection.

Your skin's sensitivity will increase during pregnancy. This means that it can get irritated and damaged easier when exposed to the sun. Avoid skin discolorations, dryness, and irritations by applying sunscreen as part of your daily skin care routine.  

4. Pamper your bump.

The skin on your abdominal area experiences continuous stretching throughout the whole term of your pregnancy. This stretching can result to unsightly stretch marks long after you have given birth. Prevent stretch marks by regularly massaging your tummy with a moisturizing pregnancy gel or cream.  

5. Pay attention to your breasts.

Your tummy is not the only thing that enlarges during pregnancy. Your breasts also increase in size to prepare for lactation. The skin on your breasts and nipples will be particularly sensitive which can lead to itching and dryness. Applying nipple creams on your breasts can reduce the dryness while wearing cotton maternity bras can help reduce the itching. 

6. Go easy on the makeup.

Less is more should be your motto when using makeup during your pregnancy. A foundation stick or concealer, loose powder, and a multipurpose color stick are all you need to put on a polished face. Since skin during pregnancy is sensitive and prone to irritations, choosing moisturizing, hypoallergenic, and non-comedogenic cosmetics is a must. 

Following these tips can help you achieve great skin during your pregnancy. Aside from these, eating a balanced diet, doing regular exercise, and getting sufficient rest are still the most basic things you can do for a good pregnancy and even better skin.

birth control shot, Depo-Provera

A Sure Shot in Pregnancy Prevention

This article provides information about another birth control method that does not require a person to wait in line in a pharmacy to make a purchase, subjecting     the buyer to unnecessary embarrassment. Depo-Provera, otherwise known as birth control shot is a birth control made up of a hormone similar to progesterone and is given as a shot by a doctor.

Some people may feel embarrassed and find it inconvenient to go to the pharmacy to purchase birth control products. But there is another birth control method that will not require anyone to stand in line for a long time at the local pharmacy. It will also free a person from the usual embarrassment of buying  what is considered as a “private” product. The Depo-Provera (medroxyprogesterone acetate injectable suspension, USP) Contraceptive Injection lasts for 13 weeks, and is highly effective at preventing pregnancy with a failure rate of less than 1%. There are no daily pills to remember, no IUD strings to check, diaphragms or cervical caps to worry about inserting into the proper position --- all you have to do to achieve effective contraception.
Depo-Provera stops the ovaries from releasing eggs. It causes the cervical mucus to thicken and changes the uterine lining, making it harder for sperm to enter or survive in the uterus. These changes prevent fertilization. Depo Provera is a very private form of birth control because it cannot be seen on the body and requires no home supplies. It does, however, require a clinic appointment every 3 months. Depo-Provera, otherwise known as birth control shot is a birth control method for women. It is made up of a hormone similar to progesterone and is given as a shot by a doctor into the woman's arm or buttocks. Each shot provides protection against pregnancy for up to 14 weeks, but the shot must be received once every 12 weeks to remain fully protected. Protection begins immediately after the first shot if given within the first five days of a woman's menstrual period. After 24 hours, the shot is effective birth control for the next 13 weeks. Many women find it useful to schedule their next shot slightly earlier than necessary. If something prevents them from making their appointment, there will be a window of opportunity to receive their next shot.
Depo-Provera is said to be 99% effective in preventing pregnancy. According to statistics, only about three women out of every 1,000 will get pregnant each year while on this birth control shot. When it is done correctly, Depo-Provera can be a very effective birth control method. It is important to keep in mind that it takes two weeks for the birth control shot to work effectively, so it is advisable to alternate birth control methods, such as using condoms, when receiving the Depo-Provera injection every month.
However, due to the risk of serious health problems, women with unexplained vaginal bleeding or there is a suspected pregnancy, are not recommended to use Depo Provera. It may not also be recommended for women who are planning on becoming pregnant in the near future, are concerned about weight gain, have liver disease, gallbladder disease, or a history of depression. They should study the risks and talk with their health care practitioner as much as possible.

While it is known to be true about any method of birth control, many people who go on Depo-Provera seem to experience a lot of side effects. There are some women who experience irregular or unusual spotting during the first few months that they begin using Depo-Provera, or after long-term use. Although there is not much supporting research, many also believe that the birth control shot can be held accountable for weight gain or fluctuations. There are also reports of hair loss, headaches, abdominal pain and nausea. If a woman experience any of these side effects for longer than two weeks after she had her first birth control shot, it is best to contact a doctor. As always, it is important before making any decision to go on birth control methods to weigh the advantages and disadvantages.

pregnant on birth control

Possibility of Pregnancy While On Birth Controll

The main purpose of all birth control methods is to prevent pregnancy. However, these forms of contraception do not have the same efficiency rates. Hence, there is still a possibility to get pregnant on birth control. With this, the author of this article provides a list of the inefficiency rates of some of the most common birth control options. The author also expounds on some tips on how one can get the most out of birth control methods.


The main purpose of all birth control options is, of course, to prevent or delay pregnancy. Fortunately, due to the complexity of some contraceptive forms, men and women on different birth control variations get more benefits from these methods, including health benefits. With this, millions of sexually active people all over the world are using the various birth control options available today.

Although all birth control methods have the same purpose of preventing unwanted pregnancies, these are not equal when it comes to efficiency. This only means that not all forms of birth control can prevent or delay pregnancy100 percent. While a number of these methods are reported as highly efficient, some methods are proven to be less effective or completely inefficient at all.

To reiterate the point, it is true that there is a chance for a woman to get pregnant on birth control. Pregnancy is still possible even while couples are using or practicing what they regard as the best contraception method for them. Below are the inefficiency rates of some of the common types of birth control methods:

Barrier methods:

   1. Condom (male and female) – three to five percent
   2. Diaphragm -  six percent
   3. Spermicide – six percent
   4. Sponge – nine percent

Hormonal methods

   1. Birth control pill – 0.1 percent
   2. Depo-Provera shot – 0.3 percent
   3. Mini-pill – 0.5 percent
   4. Norplant – 0.09 percent

Natural method

   1. Natural family planning – one to nine percent
   2. Withdrawal – four percent

As seen on the list above, efficiency rates of birth control methods and practices vary according to types. The ones with the highest inefficiency rates are the birth control options on the barrier method, and the more effective forms are the hormonal contraception methods.

To get the most out of the various forms of birth control, the following are some helpful tips to consider when expecting high efficiency results from contraception methods:

1. Always seek the advice and recommendation of a specialist or doctor.

Before purchasing or practicing a particular type of birth control, it is always best to go and consult a specialist or a doctor first to hear out suitable recommendations. It is not advisable to immediately adhere to a particular contraception method, particularly medications and the ones involving minor operations,  without the consent or recommendation of a specialist.

2. Combine two or more methods of contraception to increase efficiency.
 

Try to use or combine different types of birth control methods to even more lessen the risk of pregnancy. Perfect examples of this trick is to use a condom with spermicide and to use condoms even while on pill.
 

3. Determine the purpose and duration of using or practicing certain birth control methods.
 

To really get the most out of birth control means, one should have a fixed plan on the purpose and duration of using and practicing a particular contraception method. This only means that if a woman is determined not to get pregnant, she can adhere to permanent birth control forms instead of the ones that pose high inefficiency rates. As for those who are still planning to get pregnant but are just not ready, both emotionally and financially, they can use non-permanent contraception methods instead.

birth control patch

Patching Up the Problems in Women's Sexual Health and Pregnancy

This article provides background information about the birth control patch and the controversies that surrounded the said method or product.

One of the lesser known pregnancy prevention products available is called the birth control patch. The birth control patch is a thin, beige square patch that sticks to the skin. By releasing hormones through the skin into the bloodstream, this birth control method would help prevent pregnancy. By combining the hormones called progesterone and estrogen, the patch prevents ovulation or the release of an egg from the ovaries during a woman's monthly menstruation. The hormones in the patch also thickens the mucus produced in the cervix, making it difficult for sperm to enter and reach any eggs that may have been released.

Similar to other forms of birth control such as the birth control pill or ring, the user works on the birth control patch based on her menstrual cycle. Normally, the girl puts the patch on the first day of her menstrual cycle, or the first Sunday after her cycle begins. She will then place the patch on her skin once a week for three weeks straight. This patch should be applied to either of the following: buttocks, abdomen, upper arm, or upper torso. On its fourth week, no patch is worn, and the user's period will then start again during this time.

The sales of birth control patches dipped after a legal complaint was made by a group of 40 women, all of which used a popular birth control patch, directly to the patch's manufacturer. They claimed that these contraceptives were causing serious health problems.  One specific lawsuit claimed that 43 women suffered from blood clots and other ailments after taking a popular branded birth control patch. A second lawsuit stat4ed that a woman of 25 died of severe blood clots in her lungs and legs after she began using this birth control product.

These lawsuits complained that the manufacturer of this birth control patch allegedly failed to warn the public about the risks of using the said product. The plaintiff also claimed that the company deceived the public about the severity of potential side effects, and that includes concealing information about the risk of strokes and severe blood clots.  Shawn Khorrami, one of the attorneys for the plaintiffs, said that this product should not be on the market. When a certain product is put out, giving women more hormones than they need, then you are increasing their risk of developing those ailments. Khorrami also added that similar lawsuits have been filed on behalf of nearly 400 women around the US.

Last September, the FDA warned women regarding the risk of blood clots in the legs and lungs and their use of birth control patches. As a result of the warning, the product label was updated to reflect the data of one study that found women using the patch faced twice the risk of clots than did women on the pill. From this information, women should be careful in choosing their form of birth control. It is advisable for them to go and visit their gynecologist or physician, and try to gather facts about their health history, and choose the best birth control that will suit both their health and lifestyle.

pregnancy, Miscarriage, pregnancy loss

Pregnancy Loss: Predetermined Or Random Error

Miscarriage is rarely anyone's fault.  Pregnancy loss can be caused by a  number of factors that somehow predetermine the outcome from the start of conception. While there may not be any logical explanation at hand,  the medical community  is able to recognize a few known miscarriage causes, and theories abound with several ongoing research and controversy.

The pain of losing an unborn child is a traumatic period for a couple, especially to a would-be first-time mother. Miscarriage and other forms of pregnancy loss can bring out a lot of questions that need to be answered. Many couples take it upon themselves to look for answers as to why the miscarriage happened. Others also focus on getting information about how the pregnancy loss could have been avoided.
Miscarriage is almost always not anybody's fault. In some cases, pregnancy loss is already a predetermined outcome from the start of conception. While there may not be any logical explanations at hand to explain why miscarriages happen, the medical community has been able to recognize a few known causes of miscarriage.

One-time miscarriage, also called sporadic pregnancy loss, is usually caused by chromosomal abnormalities during the development of the fetus. Doctors usually assume this as the default explanation for first time miscarriages due to the fact that most couples go on to have a normal pregnancy after one miscarriage.
Chromosomal abnormalities such as extra chromosomes or missing genes may cause the baby to stop developing and eventually lead to a miscarriage. After the first miscarriage, most medical professionals do not conduct testing for the cause of miscarriage since chromosomal flaws are usually random, one-time events. While miscarriage due to chromosomal flaws may occur to any woman at any age, those who are 35 years old and above are at highest risk.

When a miscarriage happens two times in a row, it is unlikely to be caused by random chromosomal errors. Usually, doctors will conduct a process of testing for recurrent miscarriage after a second case of    miscarriage. In this case, chances are higher that the woman may have a detectable problem that causes the
pregnancy loss.

In about 50% of the cases of recurrent miscarriages, doctors find a cause for recurrent miscarriages and then the woman is given treatment in anticipation of her next pregnancy. However, the other 50% may still not reveal any cause at all. In the same way, a woman may still get pregnant again even with two unexplained miscarriages, and still have greater chances of a normal pregnancy than another miscarriage.
Generally, causes of recurrent miscarriages are usually much more controversial compared to that of single miscarriages. Some of the most commonly recognized causes of recurrent miscarriages are:
l    Abnormality in the structure of the uterus;
l    Blood clotting disorders, such as antiphospholipid syndrome; and
l    Certain chromosomal conditions, such as balanced trans location.

According to experts, low progesterone and other hormonal imbalances may lead to recurrent miscarriages. Although treatment with progesterone supplements is fairly common after one or two pregnancy losses, however, not all medical practitioners agree on the practice. Others believe that malfunction in the immune system, such as high levels of natural killer cells, may be the culprit.

Miscarriage after the 20th week are called stillbirths. Too-early births, on the other hand, are called preterm labors. Both preterm labors and stillbirths usually have different causes from that of earlier miscarriages, although chromosomal errors in the baby can also cause stillbirths. The most common causes of stillbirths and preterm labors are cervical insufficiency, problems in the placenta, and preterm labor due to medical issues in the mother.

At any rate, women are advised to seek out emotional support from family and friends when miscarriage occurs. Dealing with the emotional aftermath of miscarriage can be easily managed with the help of counseling.

Morning sickness

There’s More To Pregnancy Than Just Morning Sickness

Morning sickness is not the only pregnancy symptom that a woman needs to prepare for. According to moms and moms-to-be who've been through it, and a midwife who's been through it with them, there are a few other lesser-known tales about what can be expected when you're an expectantmother.

During the first trimester of pregnancy, many women consider morning sickness as an all-through-the-pregnancy-all-day-long sickness. But this is not the only pregnancy symptoms a woman needs to prepare for. According to moms and moms-to-be who've been through it, and a midwife who's been through it with them, there are a few other lesser-known tales about what can be expected when you're an expectant mother.
In some instances, many pregnant women discover pains in parts of their bodies that they previously paid little attention to as the unborn child moves around inside the womb.
It is also possible for a pregnant woman to wake up at night with Restless Leg Syndrome, a tingling, numb feeling and extreme restlessness in the legs. It may only occur at night and once you’re up and walking, everything is fine.
Pregnancy can suddenly make you allergic to something. Or if you already have an allergy, it can aggravate it to an unbearable degree.
According to Lynn Himmelreich, CNM, MPH, a midwife in the obstetrics and gynecology department at the University of Iowa in Iowa City, most of these symptoms are likely to be much more frustrating since you're going to be exhausted most of the time. Many women are surprised by just how bad symptoms of pregnancy can get.

However, not all surprising pregnancy symptoms are physical. Carrie Hutton, a new mom from Arlington, Virginia whose son is now four months old, describes what some call ‘pregnancy amnesia.’ Hutton said that, for some reason, no matter how competent you were in your pre-pregnancy life, you can no longer connect the dots.  You're lucky if you can still remember your name, address, and phone number.
And what if you're expecting the whole Pregnancy Platter of Symptoms such as morning sickness, swollen and tender breasts, allergies, restless leg syndrome, pregnancy amnesia, and the works but they fail to show up? When this happens, just consider yourself lucky and go about your business. Doctors get more questions from people who don't get the symptoms that the books mention than those who do. They feel that when the symptoms are absent, then something is wrong.
There are a lot of pregnancy cases in which the woman doesn't have morning sickness or sore breasts and doctors find them normal and healthy. What you should be concerned about is when the pregnancy symptoms you have suddenly disappear. “It's not usually a problem if you don't have tender breasts, for example, but it's more concerning if you had those symptoms at first and then suddenly at seven or eight weeks, they stopped,” said Himmelreich.
And not all pregnancy surprises are negative. Some women even find their pregnant bodies lovely to look at. Although over time they became awkward, achy, and tired, they tend to love the shape of their bodies while pregnant. Their breasts and belly become more rounded and their hair and skin have become so full of life. Though some women felt beautiful with their bodies’ transformation, still others become insecure and very sensitive.

diabetes, pregnancy, gestational diabetes, hormone insulin

Gestational Diabetes: At The Time Of Pregnancy

Diabetes may be developed at the time or during pregnancy in a woman who does pursue diabetes previously. This is called gestational diabetes, which affects 2-3 percent of pregnant women. If it is not monitored properly, it can lead to complications for the mother or even her baby. Pregnancy is most special time period in any woman’s life. It is period of great joy and enthusiasm, but also the time of anxiety and different questions occurs in mind such as: How will I deal with the pregnancy? With the pain in labor and delivery? Will my baby be alright? These questions may be even more difficult for women with diabetes. Having children is a big decision for anyone among us. If you are a woman who has a history of diabetes, however, it is a decision that requires much more thought, precautions and careful planning. Many women who have diabetes whether it is Type 1, Type 2 or Gestational diabetes have delivered healthy babies.

Diabetes may be developed at the time or during pregnancy in a woman who does pursue diabetes previously. This is called gestational diabetes, which affects 2-3 percent of pregnant women. If it is not monitored properly, it can lead to complications for the mother or even her baby. Pregnancy is most special time period in any woman’s life. It is period of great joy and enthusiasm, but also the time of anxiety and different questions occurs in mind such as: How will I deal with the pregnancy? With the pain in labor and delivery? Will my baby be alright? These questions may be even more difficult for women with diabetes. Having children is a big decision for anyone among us. If you are a woman who has a history of diabetes, however, it is a decision that requires much more thought, precautions and careful planning. Many women who have diabetes whether it is Type 1, Type 2 or Gestational diabetes have delivered healthy babies.

What Exactly Is It ?

Gestational Diabetes occurs when the pregnant woman’s body is not able to produce or create enough of the hormone insulin. This refers that her body is not able to break down the sugar that she consumes and not able to convert it into energy. Therefore her blood sugar levels raises high and this will be passed on to the baby, which can cause severe problems.

Who Can Be Affected?

The pregnant women who is most likely to be affected will fit the under mentioned criteria;

Over-weighed

Age above 35

History of diabetes in family

Previously delivered large baby

Previously given birth to a baby with an malfunction or defect

Undergone abortion in late pregnancy

Symptoms of gestational diabetes:

One of the troubles of gestational diabetes is that it does not marked itself with clear symptoms. The symptoms are common to high blood sugar, thirst, frequent urination, hunger as it sometimes occur, but all of them are common in the latter stages of pregnancy.

Going for baby is a big decision for anyone. If you are a woman who has diabetes, however, it is a decision that requires much more thoughts, precautions, and planning. Many women who have diabetes (Type 1, Type 2 and Gestational diabetes) have healthy pregnancies and healthy and fit babies. But this does not mean that they achieved good result very easily, it requires a lot of efforts and dedication from your side.

Whether Am I at risk of developing gestational diabetes?

If you have one or more of the under mentioned factors you are more likely to develop gestational diabetes:

Perusing a family history of diabetes in a relative such as parent, brother or sister.

If you had gestational diabetes in a previous pregnancy.

If the previous baby had a birth defect or some malfunction.